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Type of input & output devices

 

Types of Disk I/O: Different ways to read from or write to a disk, including sequential (reading/writing data in order), direct (accessing specific locations), and buffered (using memory for efficiency).


11.2. Standard Input/Output: Default streams for input (keyboard) and output (screen) in a program, allowing interaction with users through text-based input and output operations.


11.3. Binary and Text Mode Files: Binary files store data in its raw binary format, while text mode files encode data as human-readable text, with additional processing for line breaks and encoding.


11.4. Program Record Input/Output: Input and output operations performed on groups of related data records, often used for database operations or processing structured data.


11.5. Random Access Files: Files that allow direct access to any location within them, enabling read/write operations at specific positions rather than sequentially.


11.6. Error Handling in File I/O: Techniques for detecting and managing errors that can occur during file input/output operations, such as handling file not found, permission issues, or disk full errors.


11.7. Redirection: The process of changing the default input or output stream of a program to/from a file, allowing input to come from a file instead of the keyboard or output to be redirected to a file instead of the screen.

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